Endoscopy and Biopsy 
• Examination of the entire colon with a colonoscope (colonoscopy), or the lower part of the colon and rectum
  with a flexible tube (proctosigmoidoscopy) and biopsy of any mass found.
• If there is a rectal mass, a bladder evaluation, for example cystoscopy and IVP (intravenous pyelogram), may be
  required.